translit/translit.c

/* 
 * Transliterate UTF-8 russian input into all possible latin
 * implementations, see hardcoded table below.
 * Data is taken from stdin and is returned to stdout.
 *
 * Licensed under GPL-3.
 * ® 2012 - 2015 Andrew Savchenko <bircoph gmail com>
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

# define ALPHA_CNT 33
# define TRANSL_CNT 6

// conversion table
// all lines must be NULL-terminated
// first two rows must always be defined and not NULL
const char *const ct[ALPHA_CNT][TRANSL_CNT]={
    {"а", "a", NULL},
    {"б", "b", NULL},
    {"в", "v", NULL},
    {"г", "g", "h", NULL},
    {"д", "d", NULL},
    {"е", "e", "je", "ye", NULL},
    {"ё", "e", "jo", "yo", NULL},
    {"ж", "j", "z", "zh", NULL},
    {"з", "z", NULL},
    {"и", "i", NULL},
    {"й", "j", "i", NULL},
    {"к", "k", NULL},
    {"л", "l", NULL},
    {"м", "m", NULL},
    {"н", "n", NULL},
    {"о", "o", NULL},
    {"п", "p", NULL},
    {"р", "r", "p", NULL},
    {"с", "s", "c", NULL},
    {"т", "t", NULL},
    {"у", "u", "y", NULL},
    {"ф", "f", NULL},
    {"х", "h", "x", NULL},
    {"ц", "ts", "s", NULL},
    {"ч", "ch", "4", NULL},
    {"ш", "sh", NULL},
    {"щ", "sh", "sh'", "sh`", NULL},
    {"ъ", "b", "'b", "`b", "", NULL},
    {"ы", "y", "bl", "b1", NULL},
    {"ь", "b", "", NULL},
    {"э", "e", "3", NULL},
    {"ю", "ju", "yu", "u", NULL},
    {"я", "ya", "ja", NULL},
};

// recursion similar to fork + exec;
// only forward scan of the input data
void convline(char *in, char *out, size_t out_start, size_t out_len)
{
    size_t tr_len;  // length of translated sequence
    char  *fork;    // forked output data (for multiple matches)
    size_t fork_len;
    int match;      // set this flag if we found something

    // scan input line
    while (*in != '\0' && *in != '\n' && *in != '\r')
    {
        match = 0;
        for (int i=0; i<ALPHA_CNT; i++)
        {
            // we have an utf-8 symbol match
            if (! strncmp(in, ct[i][0], 2))
            {
                // look for other possible translations first
                for (int j=2; ct[i][j] && j<TRANSL_CNT; j++)
                {
                    // precreate fork buffer
                    fork_len = out_len;
                    tr_len = strlen(ct[i][j]);
                    if (out_len - out_start <= tr_len)
                        fork_len = fork_len*2;
                    
                    fork = malloc(sizeof(char)*fork_len);
                    
                    // copy base value
                    memcpy(fork, out, out_start);
                    // get value from conversion table
                    memcpy(fork+out_start, ct[i][j], tr_len);
                    // fork further expansion for an alternative translation
                    convline(in+2, fork, out_start+tr_len, fork_len);
                }

                // do we need to grow out buffer?
                tr_len = strlen(ct[i][1]);
                if (out_len - out_start <= tr_len)
                {
                    out_len = out_len*2;
                    out = realloc(out, sizeof(char)*out_len);
                }
                
                // get value from conversion table
                memcpy(out+out_start, ct[i][1], tr_len);

                // go to next char
                out_start += tr_len;
                in+=2;
                match = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (match)
            continue;

        // we can be here only if all alpha matches above failed
        // assume non-convertable single character and just copy it
        if (out_len - out_start <= 1)
        {
            out_len = out_len*2;
            out = realloc(out, sizeof(char)*out_len);
        }
        *(out+out_start++) = *(in++);
    }
    
    // processing finished, outputting result
    out[out_start] = '\0';
    puts(out);
    free(out);
}

int main()
{
    char *line = NULL;  // input line buffer
    size_t len = 0;     //
    char *out = NULL;   // output string
    
    while (getline(&line, &len, stdin) != -1)
    {
        // precreate buffer with a sane value
        // must be freed after puts()
        out = malloc(sizeof(char)*len);
        // recursive line conversion
        convline(line, out, 0, len);
    }
    
    return 0;
}